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On May 3, 2008, our keynote speaker at St. Michael's College in Colchester, Vt., was Dr. Donald Freeman from the
University of Michigan. His topic was "Deficit or degree? Rethinking how we teach English learners in schools."
 He spoke on how we think about English learners in schools and classrooms, whether we look at
their lack of English a deficit or a matter of degree. This framing has a profound impact on how we approach expectations
and act in teaching. There are great pressures from politics, policy, and changing demographics to redefine what we do and
how. These pressures are repositioning the daily work of all teachers, the requirements of curriculum, and the ways in which
we support learners. We'll take a look at a framework for rethinking what learners bring and some design principles for
helping to reposition instruction. Donald Freeman is Director of Teacher Education and Associate Professor
of Education at the School of Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. He is also a Senior Faculty Fellow at the
graduate School for International Training, Brattleboro, Vermont. His research interests focus on teacher learning, in the
contexts of organizational and systemic reform, and its influence on student learning. He serves on the Editorial
Board of the Modern Language Journal and previously on the boards of the Educational Researcher and the TESOL Journal. He
is past president of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), and member of the University of Cambridge
ESOL Advisory Council. We've included a link to his PowerPoint document above. OTHER PRESENTATIONS
 Project CREATE: Improving Teacher Learning for ELL Instruction James Nagle, Susan
Jenkins, & Elizabeth O’Dowd of Saint Michael’s College discussed the rationale, goals and strategies of Project
CREATE (Curriculum Reform for the Education of All Teachers of ELLs). Project CREATE intends to prepare all pre-service teachers
at Saint Michael's College to instruct English language learners by developing a professional learning community among
college faculty, practicing teachers, and pre-service teachers. James Nagle is co-principal investigator of Project CREATE
and assistant professor in the secondary education program of the Education Department at Saint Michael’s College. jnagle2@smcvt.edu. Susan Jenkins is co-principal investigator of Project CREATE, professor and chair of the Applied Linguistics Department
at Saint Michael’s College. Elizabeth O’Dowd is co-principal investigator of Project CREATE and professor of the
Applied Linguistics Department at Saint Michael’s College. She has most recently published or presented on Grammar,
Writing, and ESL-Content Collaboration for English Language Learners.  Effects of Multimedia Input on Reading Comprehension James Whiting, Plymouth State
University, presented from a research study, which investigated whether commercially produced audio and video input increased
second-language readers’ comprehension of a short-story text. Classroom implications for the use of multi-media input
in conjunction with authentic texts were examined. James Whiting is an Assistant Professor of TESOL/Applied Linguistics at
Plymouth State University in New Hampshire. At Plymouth he teaches both graduates and undergraduates, and directs the graduate
TESOL program. jcwhiting@plymouth.edu  Spotlight on English Content Vocabulary and Structures to Succeed: It’s More than Making Content
Connections! Hilary Grant, New England Educational Representative of Santillana USA, demonstrated Spotlight
on English. Many ELLS struggle in academic content areas because they lack content vocabulary AND they lack mastery of the
structures of Academic English that give meaning to language. The presenter demonstrated how Spotlight on English is designed to engage students in the use of academic English using the content area as the vehicle of instruction. Hilary
Grant is the New England Educational Representative for Santillana USA. Previously, Ms. Grant has worked as a writer and as
a senior development editor of educational materials and media for modern foreign languages and ESL. She worked many years
in Latin America, first as a teacher, then as an independent media producer where she developed materials for a number of
local and international publishers. Ms. Grant speaks several languages including Spanish and Portuguese. hilarygrant@aol.com  Getting Ready! The ESOL College Transition Program at UNH Manchester Christine Noon,
University of New Hampshire, discussed a program to help ESOL make the jump into college. ESOL students have the motivation
and intelligence to go to college but hit obstacles when their skills are not up to the challenge. CTP-ESOL is an introduction
to college academia for such students. The presentation included a Power Point overview, group activity, application procedures,
and financial aid information. Christine D. Noon is the former Director of the Title III ESOL Program at the New Hampshire
Department of Education in Concord, NH. She has taught English literature, English composition and ESOL, and has eleven years’
experience as an administrator. She is currently the Coordinator of the College Transition Program (CTP) for ESOL students
at the Manchester campus of the University of New Hampshire. She is also a published nonfiction writer under the name Christine
Davidson.  Poster: Are TOEFL iBT Words unquestionably TOEFL iBT Words? Ercin Ayhan, Gulhane
Medical Military Academy Etlik, Turkey, presented our first poster presentation ever! Vocabulary resources for TOEFL iBT overlap
with most frequently used 2570 Word Lists (Nation & Waring, 1997). In this poster session, primary data collection and
evaluation process were the focus. Attendees were advised on how to compare their word lists with on-line and off-line vocabulary
profilers. Ercin Ayhan holds a BA, MBA, and M.ed. and has served in the Turkish Navy. He currently is an instructor at Gulhane
Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.  ELLs with Suspected Language-Learning Disabilities: Guidelines for the Prereferral and Special Education
Processes Susan McDonald, Speech Pathologist, Burlington, aimed at providing ELL instructors with
background knowledge and practical tools to use when they or another school staff member suspects that an ELL student may
have a language-learning disability. The first part of the session outlined systematic methods to examine the various factors
involved when an ELL student has been identified as not progressing in the classroom setting. The second part of the session
gave an overview of the special education process and the role of the ESL instructor. Susan McDonald is an ASHA certified
speech language pathologist with a K-12 ESL endorsement currently working in the Burlington Public Schools. mcdonaldsl@hotmail.com Some Grammatical Difficulties Faced by Arab Learners Mutahar Al-Murtadha, Saint
Michael’s College, focused on grammatical areas such as articles, adjectives, adverbs, and interrogative statements.
Mutahar Al-Murtadha is a Fulbright MATESOL Graduate Student at Saint Michael’s College. He has taught English as a foreign
language in Yemen, his country, for more than seven years.  Exploring College Slang Joe McVeigh & Alexis Mussomeli, Middlebury College,
described a survey of college students to discover which slang terms are most commonly used on campus. You can access their
online dictionary here. Joe McVeigh is a consultant in Middlebury, VT. He has taught students from more than forty countries and edited books for
Cambridge University Press. jmcveigh@middlebury.edu. Alexis Mussomeli is a senior at Middlebury College with an independent major in linguistics who has lived in many countries
around the world. Recognizing T-groups and Focal Stress for ‘Rightside-up’Pronunciation Activities
Daniel Evans, Saint Michael’s College, explored current views of pronunciation teaching. His research
shows they favor a top-down approach that emphasize suprasegmental aspects of oral production. He encouraged participants
to raise their awareness of T-groups and focal stress in order to take advantage of the most current classroom practices for
teaching pronunciation as communication. Daniel Evans, Associate Professor of Applied Linguistics at Saint Michael’s
College, teaches in the MATESOL Program and English Language Programs. devans@smcvt.edu    Constructing Grammar: Putting the Interlanguage to Work Elizabeth O’Dowd,
Mahmoud Arani & John Halliwell, Saint Michael’s College, demonstrated a participatory approach to teaching grammar
discovery. In this approach, the learners collectively construct knowledge of grammar, negotiate meaning, and notice gaps
in their interlanguages in the context created by their own output. Elizabeth O’Dowd is co-principal investigator of
Project CREATE and professor of the Applied Linguistics Department at Saint Michael’s College. She has most recently
published or presented on Grammar, Writing, and ESL-Content Collaboration for English Language Learners. Mahmoud Arani is
a professor of applied linguistics at Saint Michael's College. His research interest is in the application of discourse
analysis in L2 instruction. marani@smcvt.edu. John Halliwell is an assistant professor of applied linguistics at Saint Michael’s College. His research interests
focus on cognitive foundations of language learning and applications to pedagogical grammar. jhalliwell@smcvt.edu
 Enhancing Mainstream Instruction for ELLs Ruth Dater, Berwick, explained
her framework for helping mainstream teachers work more effectively with ELLs at the elementary and secondary level. Her presentation
provided a video and script and handouts to provide staff development to mainstream teachers. Ruth Dater has been teaching
ELL students for more than 20 years. Her last 15 years she has taught and coordinated the ESL program for SAD#60 in Berwick,
North Berwick, and Lebanon, Maine. She is Past President of NNETESOL.
Ruth PowerPoint
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Teaching Math to Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students Rita
MacDonald & Tim Whiteford, Saint Michael’s College, examined how math and ESL teachers could collaborate to teach
math effectively to culturally and linguistically diverse students. By developing a shared language and a shared understanding
of best practice in each area, the presenters maintain that educators can learn to predict and prevent linguistic obstacles
and to design accommodations that will help ELLs meet standards in math. Rita MacDonald, MATESL, Saint Michael’s College—former
public school ESL teacher; adjunct faculty; coordinator of VCLA and Project CREATE, two OELA National Professional Development
grant programs at SMC. rmacdonald@smcvt.edu. Tim Whiteford, Ph.D., teaches grad/undergraduate courses in math/science education. His research interests are in the role
of language in mathematics education. twhiteford@smcvt.edu
Math and Diversity PowerPoint
 Getting Ready for your Vocabulary Class in Resource Challenged Contexts Soumana
Boureima, Saint Michael’s College, presented a workshop that pointed out some of the challenges teachers encounter in
vocabulary teaching in “extreme EFL situations” from lesson planning to actual class presentation; and it suggests
thoughtful lesson preparation can prevent many pedagogical problems in the classroom. The participants shared ideas on how
to prevent those problems through group work and discussion. This involves both ideas to put on paper prior to class and ideas
to keep in mind during the lesson. Boureima is a Fulbright student from Niger (a French-speaking country) at Saint Michael’s
College. He has been an EFL, ESP teacher, and an ELT advisor in his home country for years.
Boureima PowerPoint
Boureima Paper
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 Warm-ups and Cool downs – Quick Activities for the ESL Classroom Christine Powers,
Manchester Adult Education Center, told participants how they could warm-up or wind-down their ESL classes while keeping students
focused on English. Christine Powers teaches and coordinates ESL at The Manchester Adult Learning Center. She is the ESL mentor
teacher for adult education in New Hampshire. Cpowers@mansd.org  EFL Teachers’ Training Oral Communication: Creativity and Compensation Sundus Ruhaif,
MA TESOL Fulbright Scholar , outlined a preparation of teacher training program in EFL contexts based on developing English
teachers in Iraq by improving their proficiency and fluency in the target language oral communication. The presentation wass
a proposal of a compensation for the authentic resources, and replacing them by creating authentic context. It is the overwhelming
of real-life situations lacking in EFL situations. Sundus Ruhaif is an MATESOL Fulbright scholar from Iraq, Applied Linguistics
Department, Saint Michael’s College. His interests in the field are English for Specific Purposes (ESP), oral communication
development, and teacher training in EFL contexts. sruhaif@smcvt.edu
 Grammar Error Analysis: First Language Interference on Language Learning Yoko Sakurai
& Ayana Inoguchi, Stoneleigh-Burnham School, explored how a student’s native language interferes with her/his second
language acquisition. The presenters analyzed grammar mistakes made by both Japanese ESL students and American students of
Japanese and led participants on an exercise to further understanding of error analysis. Yoko Sakurai, having earned a MA
in TESOL at the School for International Training in 2004, is currently teaching ESL at Stoneleigh-Burnham School in Massachusetts.
Sakurai1210@hotmail.com. Ayana Inoguchi teaches the Japanese language at University of Massachusetts Amherst. She received a MA in TESOL at School
for International Training.   Awareness of Culture in ESL Speaking Classrooms Hung Ngyuen Xuan, Ngyuen Hong-Ngyuen &
Joseph Bailey, Saint Michael’s College, addressed concerns of interacting and conflicting cultures within ESL Speaking
classrooms. Sources to collect data for the research analysis included survey questionnaire, interviews, and class observations.
The presenters will determine and develop some practical solutions and strategies to maximize the effectiveness of the ESL
multicultural Speaking classrooms. Hung Nguyen Xuan, EFL instructor at Hong Duc University, Vietnam; Fulbright Scholar, currently
MATESOL student, Applied Linguistics Department, Saint Michael’s College; interests in teacher training and curriculum
development. Nguyen Hong-Nguyen, EFL teacher in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; currently MATESOL student, Applied Linguistics
Department, Saint Michael’s College. Joseph G. Bailey, BA in English and International Relations (with minors in Religion
and Political Science); currently MATESOL student, Applied Linguistics Department, Saint Michael’s College.
 Using SIOP for Content Teacher Training in Sheltered Instruction Rita MacDonald, Jennifer
Opel, & Carmen Cripps led a panel presentation to discuss using SIOP to train content teachers in differentiating content
instruction for ELLs. This session was an overview of SIOP training, discussion by ESL teachers of how their schools/district
supported and disseminated SIOP training, and of innovative teaching methods they have adopted. Rita MacDonald, MATESL, Saint
Michael’s College—former public school ESL teacher; adjunct faculty; coordinator of VCLA and Project CREATE, two
OELA National Professional Development grant programs at SMC. rmacdonald@smcvt.edu. Jennifer Opel is an ESL teacher at Chamberlin Elementary School. Carmen Cripps is an ESL teacher for Hartford School District,
and SIOP Trainer.
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